name of the Parliamentary Party Group
Rifondazione Comunista - Sinistra Europea

name of the party
REPUBBLICANI, AZIONISTI, ALLEANZA DI CENTRO
Rifondazione Comunista - Sinistra Europea
Alleanza Nazionale - Il Popolo della Liberta'
Solidaritat Catalana per la Indepèndencia

name of the constituency in which the Member was elected
Feldkirchen, Hermagor und Spittal an der Drau
Sankt Veit an der Glan, Völkermarkt und Wolfsberg
Feldbach, Fürstenfeld, Hartberg und Weiz
Deutschlandsberg, Leibnitz, Radkersburg und Voitsberg
Bruck an der Mur, Judenburg, Knittelfeld, Leoben, Liezen, Mürzzuschlag und Murau
WK 010: Herzogtum Lauenburg - Stormarn-Süd
WK 104: Solingen - Reimscheid - Wuppertal
WK 194: Gera - Jena -Saale-Holzland-Kreis
WK 016: Greifswald - Demmin - Ostvorpommern
WK 196: Sonneberg - Saalfeld-Rudolstadt- Saale-Orla-Kreis
WK 062: Potsdam - Potsdam-Mittelmark- Teltow-Fläming II

last occupation prior to first entry into Parliament
corporate consultant / management consultant
project coordinator for renewable energy
head of consumer advice division in regional chamber of labour
administrative director of regional party
civil servant, leader of the parliamentary party group
head of legal divsion of the regional chamber of labour
administrative director of the Land party's women organization
locksmith, coppersmith, site manager, mayor
adjunct-director NGO: center for equality of opportunities
university professor - ministerial cabinet
insurance inspector - party press office
university researcher - ministerial cabinet
SME financial manager - PPG staff member
university college professor - ministerial cabinet
provincial councillor - ministerial cabinet
university researcher - concert organiser
Senior civil servant / High public service
Speaker and Deputy Director in the Office of the Minister of Finance NR
Minister of State, retired, Child Worker
small independent craftsmen and merchants
political party, trade unions or pressure-group employee
other white collar public sector employees
Government and political public servants
manager of a factory unit, party employee
local council member, humane intellectual
educator in a school of students with special needs
Financial Director of the Fianna Fáil Party at National Level
Farmer; Special Adviser to the Taoiseach
Pre-School teacher and a secondary teacher
Construction & Real Estate Advisor & Entrepreneur
Light mechanics and CNC equipment programming
manager in the public sector/trade unionist
surveyor, building contractor, civil servant municipality
veterinarian/public burocrat (healt care system)
employee in the public sector / trade unionist
executive member municipal council (public sector)
representative member municipal council (public sector)
project leader at the public prosecution service (public sector)
university assistent professor (public sector)
entrepreneur / director (private sector)
board member of tax and costums matters at the permanent representative (EU, public sector)
post-doc University of Amsterdam (public sector)
director Catholic Network organisation (public sector)
policy-officer European Parliament MP (public sector)
Head of the law enforcement division provincial government (public sector)
staff member political party scientic institute (public sector)
senior heathcare consultant (private sector)
General director University of Applied Sciences (HBO) (public sector)
executive member municipal government (public sector)
executive member provincial council (public sector)
manager / division director bank (private sector)
entrepreneur / director Consultancy company (private sector)
vice-president human resources Shell (private sector)
representative member municipal government (public sector)
head director aviation, ministry for transport (public sector)
government ministry project leader (public sector)
executive member provincial government (public sector)
economic planner / advisor (private sector)
division-head ministry of foreign affairs (public sector)
regional director health department (public sector)
directer political party scientific bureau (public sector)
PPG (LPF) policy-assistent (public sector)
local government program leader (public sector)
teacher high school geography (public sector)
exective member municipal government (public sector)
CEO health insurance company (private sector)
political advisor to the PPG leader (public sector)
stakeholders manager public transportation joint venture (private sector)
Team manager strategic development municipal government (public sector)
coodinator political party central party office (public sector)
policy-officer special education (public sector)
representative member provincial government (public sector)
Senior technician of the public administration
Employee of the Ministery of Justice (retired)
Culture Advisory in Departement of Cordoba (public institution)

name of the district in which dual candidates elected in the higher tiers of a mixed-member system stood for election
WK 061: Brandenburg an der Havel - Potsdam-Mittemark I - Havelland III - Teltow
WK 036: Rotenburg I - Soltau-Fallingbostel
WK 191: Kyffhäuserkreis - Sömmerda - Weimarere Land I
WK 194: Gera - Jena -Saale-Holzland-Kreis
WK 057: Prignitz - Ostprignitz-Ruppin - Havelland I
WK 084: Berlin-Friedrichshain - Kreuzberg - Prenzlauer Berg Ost

If other, which one ?
kwetsbare groepen, mensen in armoede, chronisch zieken....
mensen met visionaire ideeën die de toekomst goed voorbereiden
chômeurs, allocataires sociaux, personnes handicapées
problèmes inattendus : sinistrés, inondation, feu, pandémie ...
Rentner und Rentnerinnen, Erwerbslose, Arme, Flüchtlinge,
alle Menschen im Land, nicht aber alle ( mitunter divergierende )Ansichten
Arme und Ausgegrenzte, z.B. Hartz IV-Bezieher
com. groups, individuals depends on relevance of ... + importance of the issues
l'insieme della popolazione della mia regione
religious minorities who have fled from their country
unemployed, disabled, psychoatrische patients, developing countries
Personer med nedsatt funksjonsevne, fattige, rusmisbukere
Grupper som overkjøres av statlig byråkrati
De som faller utenfor samfunnet, de som kan falle innenfor begrepet "fattige"
zaanga¿owanych aktywnych dzia³aczy z wizj¹ i o szerokich znaj¹cych historiê i umiej¹cych wyci¹gaæ wnioski z historii.
Pessos com diferente orientação sexual e pessoas com deficiência
Portugueses fora do país em trabalho/estudo
A los niños, aunque no voten. A las personas con discapacidad
Grupos afectados por incumplimiento del gobierno (leyes y sentencias)
Workers, traffic victims, ecologist, neighbourns...
de todos los afectados por problemas que requieren de una solución por parte de las instituciones
Sexual minorities, disabled people, exclued people...
Sectorial's group like education and sanitation
Sportvereine, insbesondere deren Einsatz für die Jugend
Sozial benachteiligte Mitbürger / Arbeitslose
Vertretung von einzelnen Gruppen sind nicht das Ziel der Tätigkeit als Parlamentarier
Fauna, Flora und zukünftige Generationen
alle Menschen in der Schweiz ungeachtet deren Geschlecht,Alter, Gesundheit, Haarfarbe,Beruf
Ausländische ; aber eingebürgerte Schweizer, die sich uns anpassen Integration
les personnes en situation d'handicap, les working poor
Défenseurs de l'environnement et de la politique sociale
Personnes ayant la même formation professionnelle
chômeurs, autres sans-emploi, handicapés, "les plus faibles"
Menschen in meinem Arbeitsumfeld und aus meiner gesellschaftlichen Schicht
Sozial Benachteiligte, Einelternfamilien, Behinderte, Familien, Unterschicht, Mittelschicht
Interessengruppen die nur ein auf sie gerichtetes Anliegen beinhalten
Künstler Sportler Hauseigentümer Mieter Versicherte usw
citoyens en difficultés de toute sorte (handicapés, malades, chômeurs...)
z.B. Umweltanliegen, Homo- / Bisexuelle, Familien/Kinder/Jugendliche, Kulturschaffende
Menschen in Unterschichtquartieren mit Identitätsproblemen
surely you can say one group more important another....it has to be the entire electorate and if there is a disproportionately large group...they have more say
Welsh speakers and supporters of the language
those with learning and physical disabilities
breast feeding mothers and childrens issues
other taken as any other grouping within the Constituency

see codebook for country specifics
Ben niet met streekgebonden materies bezig.
zones sinistrés, problèmes spécifiques urgents
Les Régions européennes de la façade Atlantique
certains sujets ne peuvent pas être traités autrement qu'en inter régional
districtal electoral division in which I live
could be anywhere, places affected by flooding e.g.
la Locride e la provincia di Reggio Calabria
Rijnmond (region in the province Zuid Holland)
Landsdeel Oost (provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel)
Rotterdam, area around Ede (place of birth)
The North and South of the Netherlands (poor areas)
areas with specific problems (eg high unemployment)
Podlaskie, Lubelszczyzna, Warmiñsko - Mazurskie
discordo de uma visão neutra e "unitária" do território enquanto origem de determinada posição política.
Região Autónoma dos Açores (onde não existem províncias)
Unión Europea y países relacionados con España
la comarca de Terrassa (provincia de Barcelona)
otras provincias que lindan con la propia
a nivell estatal, europeu, zones amb conflictes lligats a la fam o les guerres
Region Nordwestschweiz, und triregionlae Verbindungen
minorité linguistique francophone dans canton alémanique
Romandie - Zweisprachigkeit im Kanton Bern - Brückenfunktion
Espace Mittelland / Schweiz / Europa / Welt
les régions qui doivent peu à peu remplacer les structures territoriales actuelles
Arc jurassien, ouverture avec la Franche Comté (F)

If other, please specify.
Veranstaltungen besuchen, eigene Veranstaltungen, Blog
rencontre avec les comités de quartier, les associations, les groupe sociaux, etc
als schepen zie ik veel mensen op evenementen, bijeenkomsten, .....
(On)georganiseerd contact met (on)georganiseerde burgers op hun vraag of op eigen initiatief (speelstraat, receptie, viering, sportwedstrijd, culturele manifestaties, ...
rencontres fréquentes au fil des circonstances
accorder du temps et de l'écoute à chacun quel que soit l'endroit
inaugurations et découvertes de projets soutenus par le conseil régional : au moins une fois par semaine
Besuch von kulturellen Einrichtungen, Grußworte bei Veranstaltungen
in Vereinen und gesellschaftlichen Organisationen mitarbeiten
Kontakt mit Wählern über Web 2.0 (Twitter, Facebook etc.)
neue Medien (Website, Twitter, Facebook, XING, etc.)
Zielgruppenmailings an Schulen, Jugendhäuser etc.
Gespräche bei Veranstaltungen mir unterschiedlichen Wählergruppen
Gespräche mit Fachexperten und Vertreter von Sozialverbänden
in meinem privaten Umfeld ansprechbar bleiben, aktiv auf potentiell an bestimmten Themen Interessierte zugehen
telefonische Beantwortung von Anfragen der Bürgern
Besuch von Schulen, Kindergärten, Polizei, Krankenhaus
ich bin jeden Sonntag nachmittag eine Stunde per Telefeon für jeden zu erreichen
Besuch von öffentlichen Veranstaltungen / Bürgerfesten
Hausbesuche bei der Verteilung von geeigneten Parteiinformationsmaterialien
Kommunalpolitische Arbeit, Mitarbeit in Vereinen
Eigene Diskussions- und Informationsveranstaltungen, Internet
eigene Veranstaltungen, z.B. Frauenstammtisch, Live aus dem Landtag und Arbeitslosentreff
Das Verschweigen der Presse wird nicht angesprochen
self published written and electronic media
direct and ad hoc conversations with the constituents
National + local media fairly indistinguishable in Dublin
constant & consistent daily/weekly works
pubblicare sul sito web personale il resoconto dell'attività parlamentare
collaborare abitualmente con quotidiani locali
provocare occasioni di confronto pubblico
Fare relazione al mio circolo di partito sulla mia attività
sessioni di ascolto degli elettori via telefono
invio di un informatore sulla mia attività in consiglio
social activities (terraces, football, sports events etc.)
working visit, viting the local party unit
through administrative/board and other positions
working visits and appointments in parliament
contact with international sister associations
n the road with local department visits / visits to districts
being accessible, internet, social media, blog
Har fast møte hvert halvår, fylket, alle ordførerne og sttrepr. Kom i stand på mitt initiativ. Måtte krysse hver tredje mnd fordi det ike var kategori for hver 6.
Møte mennesker i sosiale sammenhenger, være der folk ferdes
odnotowywanie prac Sejmu i w³asnych dokonañ na stronie internetowej
udzia³ w uroczystoœciach pañstwowych, patriotycznych, œwiêtach gmin, stra¿y po¿arnej itp.
organizowanie spotkañ maj¹cych s³u¿yæ wymianie pogl¹dów
Receber em audiência sempre que requerido
Pelo menos uma vez por semana desenvolvo iniciativas de visitas a instituições e contacto com populações ou trabalhadores a fim de conhecer as dificuldades da sua actividade e os seus problemas com o objectivo de poder intervir na Assembleia da República
visitas a serviços públicos e equipamentos sociais
Dar conta do trabalho efectuado através das redes sociais
Redes sociais divulgar o trabalho realizado
Reuniões com os eleitos locais / Autarcas
Contacto com os eleitores através de BLOGUE
hay funciones que se delegan en el partido, y es él el que las organiza.
MANTENER EL CONTACTO CON EL DISTRITO AY LOS ELECTORES EN SU HABITAT
Asistir a actos de todo tipo, inaguraciones xarlas coloquios que se organizan en mi zona de influencia Terrassa i su comarca
MILITANCIA A TRVÉS DEL ESPAIS INTERNS LOCALS O SECTORIALS
I attend personally, and I answer all the questions above my job
informar a través de redes sociales y plataformas web
escrbir artículos de opinión en la prensa local o nacional
publicitar acciones del parlamento referidas al ámbito competencial y/o geográfico al que se dirigen, explicando la posición del partido.
Assistència actes culturals i socials de tot tipus
Actes públics, recollida signatures, xerrades a parc públics, etc
offenes Ohr für Leute die sich an mich wenden
An Parteianlässen und/oder öffentlichen Standaktionen teilnehmen
participer à des conseils de fondations, à des réunions, à des stands de marché, des soirées locales d'assocation, de musique, etc...
Einladungen abnehmen zu Einweihungen, Jubiläen, Ausstellungen, Konzerten ect.
Parteianlässe für dieses Themenfeld nutzen
Gespräche auf der Gasse, zeit haben für den einzelnen Bürger wenn er dies wünscht und dies ist häufig der Fall, das reicht mir
ein Mix von allem, aber nicht einmal pro Woche: ich habe noch eine Erwerbsarbeit und ein Privatleben.
persönlicher Kontakt mit Leuten in meiner Umgebung
Pflege der eigenen Homepage; Teilnahme an öffentlichen Veranstaltungen
Persönliche Gespräche mit Bevölkerung bei Alltagsbegegnungen
Kontakte mit Gemeindebehörden meines Wahlkreises/ Besuch von Veranstaltungen von Vereinen etz./ Teilnahme an offiziellen Einladungen von Behörden und Institutionen
Präsenz und Mitarbeit in der lokalen Sektion der eigenen Partei; 'Genossenpflege'
Stammtisch (06.45 - 07.15) / Jeden Werktag-Morgen
Bei einem einheimischen Sportverein mitmachen
Politisches Informationsmaterial am Bahnhof verteilen
Überparteilich zusammengesetzte Sitzung der VertreterInnen aus dem Wahlkreis
Je réponds présente lors des sollicitations pour apporter de l'aide et des informations
Aktiv am Leben in der gemeinde teilnehmen (Kultur, etc)
Participation aux assemblées, comités, congrès du parti
organiser des manifestations publiques pour offrir une plate-forme de discussion aux électeurs de ma circonscription
Persönliche Kontakte im Alltag; persönliche Kontakte bei öffentlichen Veranstaltungen, Beratung und Hilfe bei persönlichen Anfragen an mich und an meine Partei
Participer à des assemblées de mon parti à divers niveaux : commune, district canton CH
participer à des manifestations communales
möglichst viele Einladungen annehmen, um den Kontakt zu pflegen;
Teilnahme an kulturellen Anlässen (Fasnacht, Konzerte, Theater)
Manifestations publiques dans la circonscription et dans le canton : inauguration, concert etc.
participation active dans diverses manifestations communales.
activités culturelles locales, conversations en transports publics (fréquent)
tenir des stands pour les votations, élections
Spontane Diskussionen an öffentlichen Anlässen
Gespräche bei der Arbeit, im Bus, bei Veranstaltungen
Standaktionen der Partei zu Abstimmungen auf öff. Grund
Treffs und Engagement in Verein, Treffen in Restaurant, und öffentliche Anlässe
an div. Veranstaltungen (Podien, Kultur etc.) im Wahlkreis präsent sein
Mit FreundInnen, Bekannten und KollegInnen privat über politische Fragen diskutieren
Auf der Strasse Unterschriften sammeln/ Martstände mit Lokalpoltischem
Ständiger Kontakt mit Menschen aus dem Kanton.
Ich bin doch laufend im Kontakt mit verschiedensten Kreisen der Bevölkerung - wann immer ich unterwegs bin, beim Einkaufen, im Theater, am Pfarreiabend, beim Pendeln ...
persönliche Kontakte, Gespräche, Mails, Telefon usw.
Einsatz in sozialer oder kultureller Institution
Participer à des rencontres citoyennes publiques
An Veranstaltungen und Versammlungen teilnehmen
alle 2 Monate "Abendhock" mit Parteifreundinnen/freunden
rencontrer le groupe politique de ma commune
Gespräche im Alltag, Unterschriften sammeln
Da ich Kantonsrätin plus Präsidentin der Kantonalpartei bin, gibt's natürlich einige Überschneidungen der Rollen; lässt sich nicht immer strikte trennen (auch bei den vorherigen Fragen relevant!). Sonstiges: digitale soziale Netzwerke plus NPO's
Öffentlichkeitsarbeit auf Strassen und Plätzen, z.B: Märkten, beim Unterschriftensammeln für Initiativen und Referenden, Abstimmungswerbungen
tägliche Begegnungen und Gespräche im Zug / Bus und auf der Strasse
Parteiversammlungen / Vorstandsarbeit Orts- / Bezirksvereine
Persönliche Gespräche ohne Plan und Absicht
move around shopping areas quietly with a label on
Visiting schools, colleges, hospitals, playgroups, OAP
Updating website and postings on twitter
attending civic events, voluntary groups, community council, etc

Good contacts with MPs of party 1
les membres de la majorité des commissions dont je fais partie
damiano (pd), treu (pd), ichino (pd), miglioli (pd)
sinistra e libertà e rifondazione comunista
todos os partidos com assento parlamentar
Tengo buena relación con el PP y ayuda a resolver necesidades concetas de personas individuales y sacar por unanimidad determinadas iniciativas parlamentarias
EU a veces desde el punto de vista plitico
BDP, EVP, GFL/G, SP, SVP: Themen und Personen bezogen
keine speziell, aber auch keine schlechten Kontakte
Ich pflege Kontakte zu Mitgliedern aller Fraktionen
Harte aber gute Kontakte zu allen Fraktionen
unterschiedlich, je nach Themen, generell wenig
SP, gute PERSÖNLICHE Kontakte, kein Lobbying

Good contacts with MPs of party 2
galletti (udc), delfino (udc), poli (udc)
Centro Democrático Social - Partido Popular
Tengo buena relación con Compromis e IU y nos sirve para llegar a acuerdos parlamentarios

Good contacts with MPs of party 3
PP relaciones cordiales con algunos miembros, politicamente nulas
PS, Verts, mais aussi UDF. Bons contacts avec les députés de TOUS les partis !
einzelne Personen aus Alternative und SP

If other, please specify.
politische Verfolgung, politische Prozesse (gegen Tierschutzverein)
ce qui se fait dans les Parlements d'autres pays
réseau d'informateurs à tous les niveaux
Eco conditionnalité des aides, paradis fiscaux, developpement TER...
Fachdiskussionen, internationalen Verbindungen, Wissenschaftl. Diskussion
Übergreifende gesellschaftspolitische Ziele (sozial-ökologischer Umbau)
Treffen mit Fachexperten und Wissenschaftlern
Hierzu kann ich keine sinnvollen Angaben machen
Aktuelle Probleme, z.B. Klimawandel, Agrogentechnik,...
policy work I do needs to get information + stats etc on which to base it
fact I am representing the people in my constituency + the ... of knowledge
previous occupation, acquaitance with the governing system
conoscenze con competenze tecniche e specialistiche
contact people who work for certain organizations
Benelux parliament and international cooperation
Currently full-time engaged in parliamentary inquiry
Her snakker dset stort sett om opposisjonen.
Podczas publicznych konsultacji projektów rz¹dowych
grupo de acción municipal-parlamentaria; infraestructuras ulturales y de seguridad
campañas estatales, por ejemplo uso de preservativos, etc...
Je suis un généraliste capable de rédiger des interventions parlementaires dans de nombreux domaines
Ich bin grundsätzlich gegen die Vorstoss-Infaltion und habe deshalb bisher noch keinen schriftlichen Vorstoss lanciert
durch persönliche Ueberzeugung einer Notwendigkeit
Meine eigene Arbeit - berufliche Kontakte
contacts personnels dans des milieux divers
Financement des crèches, questions fiscales s/personnes morales, taxe des notaires, harmonisation scolaires en fonction d'Harmos, questions liées à la RPT, enseignement sup. trsp. publics en général, Struc. sociales cantonales, struc. inter-cantonnales
apiculture, qualité de l'air dans les piscines, crèches...
Anfrage anderer Parteien um Unterstützung ihrer Vorstösse
Keine Vorstösse / 7 Monate Absenz wegen Unfall
Kontakte mit andern Politikern (Ausland)
Commission famille, commission de l'intégration
association de soutien à handicap, groupe de médecins
aktuelle Themen, die brennen - Kommissionsarbeit

If other, please specify.
Loyalität gegenüber der eigenen Fraktion
il y a trop d'enseignants et de juristes au sein du parlement
Beroep, arbeiders, bediende, ambtenaren, enz. ...
Elus au sufrage uninominal (poids dans la population)
die großen Berufsgruppen z. B.: Mittelstand, Selbstständige, Arbeiter, Hausfrauen, Rentner etc.
professione (troppe lobbies in parlamento)
no group, everyone should be represented but not necessarily proportional
w sejmie powinny byæ reprezentowane proporcjonalnie przedstawiciele wszystkich grup zawodowych
rozum, doœwiadczenie, stabilny system wartoœci
Elecciones libres y en condiciones de igualdad
Arbeitgeber und Vertrerter von Unternehmensführungen
Einkommenserwerb: Staatsbeamte - Selbständigerwerbende - Privatwirtschaft
L'élection par le peuple doit garantir la repésentativité des différentes couches sociales!
Menschen mit Behinderungen und Krankheiten
christlich abendländische Werte und Kultur
Wichtiger als die Vertretung sozialer Merkmale ist die Vertretung der politischen Ansichten in den Parlamenten im Parlament
Die Demografie muss sich im Parlament besser abbilden.
politische Couleur (ist durch die Hürden im Wahlgesetz nicht gewährleistet)!

If other, please specify.
working on some independent policy field
impegnato a livello provinciale nel mio partito.
SONO STATO RIELETTO NELLA CIRCOSCRIZIONE DI AREZZO
Passata durante la legislatura alla componente di Mussi dei DS e poi non aderito al PD. Passa al gruppo Sinistra Democratica e poi a Sinistra e Libertà. Non si ricandida
delegada del gobierno en su circunscripción
Amt für Rahmenbedingungen in der Bildung und Menschenrechte
Member in Congress of local and regional authorities (Council of Europe)
politische Partizipation auf anderem Weg; Lobbying über NPO, allenfalls parteiinterne Koordination, plus international
Retired from Parliament but still activve in public life
Doind something meaningful but perhaps not in politics

if other: description of how it is calculated
2 different quotas: The first is used for the seat allocation per party. Its numerator is calculated from the valid votes of parties which receive at least 4 percent of the votes. This sum of votes is then divided by the total number of seats (36). The second defines the total number of seats available per electoral district. It is calculated from the population number from the census divided by the total number of seats. If a party gets more seats from the first quota than available based on the second quota, these seats will be distributed in the second tier.
1. The total number of seats is reduced by the number of seats attained by parties in the first tier that were unable to cross the 4 percent threshold for participation in the second tier's seat distribution. 2. Then D'Hondt based on the reduced total of seats.
D'Hondt procedure applied to remainder votes of parties that attained a seat in the first tier
D'Hondt procedure applied to remainder votes of parties that attained a seat in the first tier or crossed the 5 % Land-wide threshold
provincial apparentement = seats allocated by Hare and remainder seats allocated by D'Hondt
If a list obtains a majority of the votes it receives a majority bonus (one quarter of the seats to be allocated). If this requirement is not met, a second round of voting is organized and the party winning most votes receives the bonus.
Hagenbach-Bischoff = valid votes / (district magnitude + 1)
The use of the Hare quota to allocate seats, with D'Hondt then applied to the parties' total votes for the allocation of remainder seats. This is little more than a short-cut in the D'Hondt process – the results are identical.
The list or coalition receiving most votes is allocated 60% of the seats.
Majority bonus equal to 20% of the seats if the coalition or list linked to the most voted candidate to presidency doesn't reach 50% of the seats; 10% otherwise
Majority bonus allocating 60% of the seats to the coalition or list linked to the most voted candidate to presidency if this is equal to or higher than 45%; and 55% of the seats if this lower than 45%
Majority bonus allocating 60% of the seats to the coalition or list receiving most votes if this is equal to or higher than 50%; no bonus is awarded if the 'winner' has reached 50% of the seats but not of the votes; and if no list or coalition received 50% of the vote, a run-off is held between the two most voted lists/coalitions - the winner receiving 18 seat (51%).
Majority bonus allocating 60% of the seats to the coalition or list linked to the most voted candidate to presidency

other electoral threshold
at least one seat in any of the 43 regional districts
at least one seat in any of the regional districts
66 per cent of the Hare quotum for the party to be counted in the provincial apparentement
Candidates need to attain the support of at least 12.5% of the registered voters to qualify for participation in the second round.
Only lists obtaining at least 10% of the votes can enter the second round.
10% for a coalition ; 4% for single lists outside coalitions; 2% for lists within coalitions reaching 10%; The threshold for language minority lists is 20% of the valid votes cast in the constituency.
no threshold for lists included in a coalition getting at least 5% of the votes
4% for lists not included in a coalition reaching at least 5%
no threshold for lists included in a coalition linked to a candidate president getting at least 5% of the votes
Only parties with more than 4% of the total vote are eligible to receive any of the 19 adjustment seats

order in which candidates appear on the ballot
according to party result in the previous election

the maximum number of preference votes a voter may indicate
Limited only by number of candidates on ballot
Identical to the number of candidates on the list

the quotum a candidate's preference votes must equal to obtain a seat
(15/100) v for one seat per party in district

the formula of the second quotum (if there is an alternative condition)
1/6 of the party's votes in the regional district
for the rest of the seats allocation according to order on party list
The seats a party gets are allocated to its candidates in the order of their preference votes, which must at least amount to 1/3 of the electoral quota. Remaining seats are allocated according to the ranking on the party lists.
First ranked candidate gets ps+1 list points (Grundpunkte) per party vote. PS is the number of seats attained by his party in the electoral district. 2nd ranked candidate gets ps+1-1=ps list points, 3rd ranked candidate gets ps-1 list points. A candidate gets 3*(ps+1) preference points (Vorzugspunkte) per preference vote. List points and preference points are added up as election points (Wahlpunkte). Seats are distributed within party according to the candidates' rank order on election points. Total effect=a very weak preference voting system
There is no list point system. Only the preference votes are counted. A candidate gets a seat from preference seats if he/she manages to collect a number of preference votes that surpasses 4 percent of all valid votes.
First ranked candidate gets 2*s list points (Listenpunkte) per party vote. S is the number of seats distributed in the electoral district. 2nd ranked candidate gets 2*s-1 list points per party vote, 3rd ranked candidate gets 2*s-2, etc. A candidate gets 25 preference points (Vorzugspunkte) per preference vote. List points and preference points are added up as election points (Wahlpunkte). A preference seat is accorded if a candidate's number of preference votes (not points!) is above 50% of the electoral quote in the respective district. Otherwise seats are distributed within party according to the candidates' rank order on election points. Overall, it seems to be a rather effective preference voting system.
Seats are allocated to candidates in the order of their preference votes, which must at least amount to the electoral quota. Remaining seats are allocated according to the order of the candidates on the party list.
First, candidates get a seat whose number of preference votes is more than 100% of the electoral quota in the district. Remaining seats are distributed according to the candidates' position on the party list.
Candidates must receive a number of preference votes which is higher than 30% of the electoral quota.
First ranked candidate gets 2*s list points (Listenpunkte) per party vote. S is the number of seats distributed in the electoral district. 2nd ranked candidate gets 2*s-1 list points per party vote, 3rd ranked candidate gets 2*s-2, etc. A candidate gets 16 preference points (Vorzugspunkte) per preference vote. List points and preference points are summed up as election points (Wahlpunkte). Seats gained by a party are distributed according to the number of election points earned by the party candidates. A candidate who hasn’t gained a seat based on the number of election point may get a preference votes seat (Vorzugsstimmenmandat) in the electoral district if a) he/she received more preference votes than any other candidate of his/her party and b) his/her number of preferences votes is higher than the number calculated from fictitiously getting two preference votes from 12% of the voters of the party (This awkward legal formulation should in our interpretation mean the same as having gotten one preference vote from 24% of the party voters.). In case that a party has gained several seats in the district, e.g. three seats, this preference votes seat will be taken from the third candidate on the election points ranking. A successful preference votes candidate thus acquires always the last among the party’s seats and not the first.
First, candidates get a seat whose number of preference votes is more than 125% of the electoral quota in the district. Remaining seats are distributed according to the candidates' position on the party list.
More than half of the party's voters must have made changes in the case of the same candidate in order to be taken into account.

description of the reform
lowering of voting age to 16 (on election day) and postal vote introduced
lowering of voting age to 16 (on election day)
The number of necessary preference votes was lowered from 1/2 to 1/3 of the electoral quota.
parallel candidacies in several electoral districts forbidden
lowering of voting age from 18 to 16 (on election day). And postal voting introduced
voting age lowered to 16 (on election day) and postal vote introduced
The number of preference votes a voter can give was reduced from 2 to 1. The number of preference votes a candidate must receive to move up the party list was lowered from 100% to 30% of the electoral quota.
postal voting introduced and lowering of voting age to 16 (on election day)
voting age lowered to 16 (due date 2 months before election day), preference voting introduced
1. reduction of the number of constituencies from 20 to 11, to coincide with provincies. 2. the number of party list votes to be transferred was not halved before 2003, resulting in more closed lists in the previous period. 3. the top 3 candidates on the list cannot be of the same gender and not more than half (+1) of all candidates on the list can be of the same gender (before: not more than 2/3 of all candidates).
1. the number of party list votes to be transferred was not halved before 2004, resulting in more closed lists in the previous period. 2. the top 3 candidates on the list cannot be of the same gender and not more than half (+1) of all candidates on the list can be of the same gender (before: not more than 2/3 of all candidates).
1. reduction of the number of constituencies from 11 to 5, to coincide with provincies 2. the number of party list votes to be transferred was not halved before 2004, resulting in more closed lists in the previous period. 3. the top 3 candidates on the list cannot be of the same gender and not more than half (+1) of all candidates on the list can be of the same gender (before: not more than 2/3 of all candidates).
Introduction of two-rounds proportional vote with a majority bonus of 25 %; introduction of gender parity on candidate lists
The Saint-Lague System replaced the Hare-System
1996 and 1999 elections had two ballots, one directly electing the prime minister and another for closed party lists
parallel mixed-member system (75% of seats plurality; 25% PR)
change in majority bonus (no regional list, bonus given to the lists linked to the winning candidate president) and abolition of preference voting
change in majority bonus (no regional list, bonus given to the lists linked to the winning candidate president) and preference vote (up to 2 preference votes and if both are cast, candidates must be of different sex)
1. The number of adjustment seats increased from 8 to 19. 2. The total number of seats increased from 165 to 169.3. New allocation of seats on elect. districts dependent on population and area of the district. Each inhabitant counts one point, while each km² counts 1.8 point. The exact numbers of seats on each district was previously written in the constitution.
2005 amendment: D'Hondt method instead of Sainte-Lague
creation of a supplementary constituency (with 5 seats) for the all archipelago to correct for distortions due to mallaportionment and disporportionality. Coexists with several constituencies one per island.
The new law establishes a legal quota: men or women can not exceed 60 percent of the total list.
The new law establishes a zipper quotes.
The new law modifies: size of the constituencies and parliament.
The law establishes a zipper quotes and new incompatibilities for the MPs.
Hagenbach-Bischoff replaced by "double Pukelsheim"
- Resizing Legislature from 200 to 160 - Reorganization of constituencies (from 11 to 8)
- suffrage extension to age 16 - Resizing Legislature from 80 to 60
- Adoption of majority electoral-formula (Anz.Stimmen/2*Sitze)
- suffrage extension to long-term foreign-residents
suffrage extension to long-term foreigners
- Resizing Legislature from 144 to 100 - Reorganization of constituencies (from 10 to 5)
- Resizing legislature from 180 to 150 - Reorganization of constituencies (from 19 to 10)

description of the reform
1) postal voting introduced. 2) preference voting newly introduced, preference beats party vote in cases of divergence
1) postal voting introduced. 2) If a preference vote is given to a candidate from a party A and the party vote to party B, the preference vote beats the party vote, i.e. the party vote is also counted for party A. Previously the reverse rule applied as it is the norm in all other Austrian electoral systems
postal voting introduced and lowering of voting age to 16 (on election day)
postal vote, lowering of voting age to 16 years (on election day)
voting age lowered to 18 years (1 day prior to election day). And in 2009 postal voting was introduced, voting age lowered to 16 years (on election day)
voting age lowered to 16 (on election day) + postal vote introduced
1. the top 2 candidates on the list cannot be of the same gender
1997 election law: a) 391 seats distributed in 52 electoral constituencies (3-17 seats) (5% for parties and 8% for coalitions threshold)+ 69 seats distributed in one nationwide constituency (7% threshold); b) D'Hondt method. 2001 election law: a) 460 seats distributed in 41 constituencies (7-19 seats) (5% for parties and 8% for coalitions threshold); modified Sainte-Lague method.
creation of a single island-wide constituency.
- Resizing Legislature from 200 to 140 - Reorganization of constituencies (from 11 to 8)
- Reorganization of constituencies (from 13 to 8)

comments
PMBs require support of minimum 5 MPs. If a PMB contains financial burdens exceeding the budget limits, it has to contain proposals how to finance them
if a PMB contains financial burdens exceeding the budget limits, it is assigned to the financial committee before
if a PMB contains financial burdens exceeding the budget limits, it has to contain proposals how to finance them
PMBs referring to laws which were rejected by parliament cannot be reintroduced before 1 year
PMBs referring to laws which were rejected by parliament cannot be reintroduced before 6 months
Proposition is not accepted if it woud change budget
In France, Regional Councils do not produce laws..
In Gemany a PMB may only be introduced by a parlamentary group or ar least 5% of all deputies.
there is no private member bill, bills can be brought on the table by at least 10 members or the government
there is no private member bill, bills can be brought on the table by at least 8 members, a faction or the government
there is no private member bill, bills can be brought on the table by at least 10 members, a faction or the government
Any TD may initiate PMBs. If 12 months pass between the PMB is placed on the order paper and when it is moved, it lapses. PMBs proposing spending of public money must be recommended by the Taoiseach in writing, ruling out opposition money bills.
any PMB estimated to cost more than 5 million NIS (about $1.3 million) annually requires the signatures of at least 50 MPs to be tabled
restriction to content for budgetary law
restricted for the government: budget proposal and other financial bills, urgent bills
There are content restrictions because the Constitution reserves some legislative initiatives for the national parliament
There are contente restrictions because the content has to respect the Administrative and Political Statute of Madeira Regional Autonomy.
There are not private member´s bills, since they need the agreement of 15 Number of MPs or that of the Parliamentary Group
- No proposals concerning decrees allowed
ballot bills will get a days debate; 10 minute bills just tem minutes to raise an issue.

description in case of 'other' veto player
Constitutional court: If the Constitutional court declares a law as unconstitutional, the law can not be promulgated.
Supreme Court may strike down a bill, upon a request from the President to consider its constitutionality.

description in case of 'other' restrictive rules
Article 49-3 enables the prime minister to enforce a bill without vote (exept if there is a "motion de censure")
No TD shall re-open a discussion on a question already discussed during the preceding 6 months. No TD shall anticipate the discussion of any subject of which notice has been given. A TD may not engage in repetition and may not make defamatory statements.
- Maximum time for speaking - Max. two speeches per MP
- Max. two speeches per MP - Max. speaking time - Instrument of short debate
- Organized debate: Only one speaker per PPG
- Instrument of special debate (max. speaking-time)
- Max speaking-time - Max two speaches per MP
- Maximum speaking time - special debate
- Instrument of short debate (max. one speech and max. speaking-time)

comments on the ideology of the party
Union pour un Mouvement Populaire: mostly liberal but there is a conservative fringe.
Nouveau Centre: a centrist party which is independent in the Chamber but is associated to the UMP during the elections (founded in 2007).
A populist party with no strong ideological underpinnings. Has in recent times leaned centre-right in economic terms. Leans socially conservative.
In comparative terms similar to Christian Democratic parties in Europe, but it's not at its core a defender of the Churches position in public life. Although it leans centre-right it's almost as populist as Fianna Fail. Leans socially conser
Economically centre left. Socially liberal.
Economically left. Socially liberal and staunchly nationalist. Strong emphasis on equality for different groups in society; women, young people, older people LGBT community etc. Political unification of the island of Ireland is a central goal.
merger of democratici di Sinistra and La Margherita(it will becme partito Democratico)
Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie: conservative liberal
Partij van de Arbeid: social democratic (labour)
Left Socialist Party (Sosialistisk Venstrepari)
Christian People's Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)
It's a coalition of green parties and communists.
It's a party that promotes the independence of Catalonia
It is a party that claims the independence of the Basque Country
Conservative (Right of centre). Has important one nation centrist elements and also now tempered by being in coalition.
Lib Dem (Centre/left) now in coalition with Conservatives